Cardinal Antonio Barberini 1664

Robert Nanteuil made this engraving of Cardinal Antonio Barberini in France during the 17th century. Here, the print serves as a declaration of the Cardinal's position within the Catholic Church, but also his family lineage. His vestments and the prominent Maltese cross signify his religious authority. Below the portrait is the Barberini family crest, a not-so-subtle reminder of his aristocratic background and the power that came with it. In France at this time, portrait engravings were not just art; they were social currency. They circulated amongst the elite, reinforcing social hierarchies and political alliances. Nanteuil was one of the most sought-after portraitists of his day, in part because of his ability to flatter his sitters while adhering to the strict visual codes of status. To fully understand this print, we can consult historical records, letters, and other images from the period. These sources help us to uncover the complex social dynamics that shaped the production and reception of art in 17th-century France. Ultimately, this engraving is a reminder that art is always embedded in a specific social and institutional context.