Ruiterportret van Jacobus II, koning van Engeland en Schotland before 1720

Wenceslaus Hollar etched this portrait of James II, King of England and Scotland. The composition divides the image into distinct zones, from the detailed foreground of the Duke and his horse to the distant background of ships and organized armies. Notice how Hollar employs line and texture to define form and space. The Duke, adorned in elaborate attire, sits astride a rearing horse, their forms delineated by fine, precise lines. These lines not only capture the textures of fabric and muscle but also convey a sense of movement. The regimented ranks of soldiers contrast sharply with the fluid lines of the clouds above, creating a visual tension between order and chaos. Through careful attention to perspective and scale, Hollar constructs a visual hierarchy that reinforces the Duke’s authority and projects an image of power. Such formal choices invite us to consider how Hollar engages with the semiotics of power and representation in his time.