Matigheid Possibly 1578 - 1709

Curator: Here we have Hendrick Goltzius’ engraving, “Matigheid,” which could date anywhere from 1578 to 1709. The piece is currently held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum. Editor: The textures strike me first. There's a sheen evoked on the figure’s skin despite the monochrome palette, sharply contrasted by the stark linear hatching of the background. Curator: The contrast you point out underscores a Mannerist approach, emphasizing artifice. The stylized musculature of the figure is paramount to the construction; this is an intellectualized, rather than an idealized form. Note the subtle but firm orthogonals established by the shadowed wall. Editor: Absolutely, that carefully rendered musculature! We see Temperance as a powerful female nude, the engraving depicting her pouring water from a jug into a cup. Even her slightly contorted pose is classic, a recall to figures like Eve. That restraint inherent in her gesture, carefully measuring and mixing… It speaks volumes. Curator: The pose also facilitates a clear view of her form. But look closely at the interplay between line and shadow; it is not merely representational. Goltzius uses the engraver’s tools to demonstrate skill. The eye moves relentlessly, activating negative space. Editor: For a viewer of the time, this imagery, drawing from classical sources and Biblical ones, would act almost as an instant read: virtue personified, restraint, control of desires. We see in this representation echoes of ancient statuary and morality plays, blended to convey a clear cultural message. Curator: Quite, but also consider the piece’s material qualities. As an engraving, "Matigheid" becomes infinitely reproducible. Its meaning expands through dissemination, altered perhaps with each new impression, and through its relation to the other pieces it accompanied in the series. Editor: A fitting detail considering her allegorical role, wouldn’t you say? Ultimately, both Goltzius' skill and the image's resonance linger. Curator: Indeed, its formalism and context coalesce compellingly.