Plattegrond voor Mülheim am Rhein, ca. 1613 1613 - 1615

This is Frans Hogenberg’s etching of a bird’s eye view of Mülheim am Rhein, made around 1613, which provides a fascinating insight into the social and political values of the early 17th century. Notice how the rigid grid structure of the streets within the city walls implies a highly organized society, perhaps reflecting the influence of humanist ideals of order and control. The prominent fortifications with the star shape suggest a concern for defense and security, reflecting the turbulent political climate of the time. The emblems of a lion and a boat could signify the city's allegiance or economic activities. Made during the early modern period in Europe, this map reflects a society undergoing significant changes, including urbanization, religious conflicts, and the rise of centralized states. As historians, we can consult period documents, maps, and other visual sources to understand the context in which it was made and what it can tell us about the society that produced it. Ultimately, the meaning of this map lies in its historical context, as well as in the social and institutional forces that shaped its creation and reception.