St Helena 

Edward Burne-Jones sketched St Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, with a pencil. The Saint is clutching a plain wooden cross, which is a symbol that represents Christ's sacrifice, but in this case, it also references Helena's legendary discovery of the True Cross. Consider how that symbol of suffering transforms into an emblem of triumph and salvation, echoed in countless Christian artworks through the ages. We might even think of the cross as a "pathos formula," a visual trope carrying intense emotional weight. Think of the countless crucifixions through art history. The emotional power is further amplified by Helena's serene gaze. The figure becomes more than just a historical portrayal; it is an archetype of maternal devotion and spiritual strength. It has resurfaced, evolved, and taken on new meanings in different historical contexts.