Déjà c. 1862 - 1864

Alfred Stevens, a Belgian painter, created this oil on canvas, titled "Déjà," most likely in the second half of the 19th century. The painting offers a glimpse into the private life of a woman, an increasingly common subject in European art during this period. It reflects the era’s evolving social norms and the rising status of women within domestic settings. The setting and the woman’s attire signify a bourgeois environment. Her gaze toward the window, away from the interior space, might suggest themes of longing or confinement. The discarded flowers on the floor contribute to a narrative of romance or lost expectations, echoing themes frequently explored in literature and art of the time. Understanding this work requires considering the social conditions of its creation, particularly the role of women in 19th-century European society. Art historians consult period literature, fashion trends, and social commentaries to reveal the complex interplay between private emotions and public expectations. "Déjà" is not just a portrait; it's a document of its time, reflecting the nuances of gender and class in a rapidly changing world.