Hercules 

Etienne Delaune made this engraving of Hercules sometime in the 16th century. Hercules, a figure from classical mythology, was often used in art to represent strength, virtue, and moral choice. In this image, however, we see how classical figures were co-opted by royal institutions. Produced in France, this image borrows from Italian art and architecture to create a distinctly French visual language. The figure of Hercules is framed by classically inspired columns. The fleur-de-lis and crouching cherubs, however, would have been immediately recognizable symbols of the French monarchy. By associating the French monarchy with the strength and virtue of Hercules, Delaune suggests that the French state embodies these qualities. Delaune’s engraving would have served as an easily reproducible propaganda tool for the monarchy. Studying prints like this one gives historians insight into the ways that art has been deployed by institutions seeking to legitimize their power.