Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz 1475 - 1499

This page of calligraphy, with poetry by Sa’di and Hafiz, reminds us of the central role of the hand in Islamic arts. The paper itself would have been painstakingly prepared, burnished to a smooth surface, and then decorated. The text is written in precise lines of Persian script. Look closely, and you can see the absolute control required to make those marks. The surrounding floral designs are painted in rich gold leaf. The creation of such a manuscript was a deeply social process. The patron would have commissioned the work, providing materials and setting the parameters for the design. Scribes, illuminators, and binders all played a crucial part. They would likely have been working in a workshop setting, where skills were passed down through generations of apprenticeship. Though this artwork may seem distant from the concerns of labor and capitalism, consider the intensive handwork required and the many individuals involved in the production process. Ultimately, the beauty and intricacy of this manuscript testify to the enduring power of human skill and collaboration.