Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz 1475 - 1499

This page of calligraphy from an anthology of poetry was created by Sa’di, sometime in the 13th century. The calligraphic text and decorative border were carefully painted with ink, perhaps lampblack, and mineral pigments on handmade paper. The work involves an intensive, specialized form of labor, requiring years of training to master the precise control needed to write and paint in this style. The artist employed the principles of Islamic calligraphy, where the shape and form of letters have a symbolic and spiritual significance. The flowing lines of the script create a visual rhythm that complements the meaning of the text. Surrounding the calligraphic panel, delicate patterns and motifs have been added, enriching the visual experience. Reflecting the cultural values of the time, such anthologies of poetry were produced for wealthy patrons. This emphasizes the relationship between art and social status, where skilled craftsmanship was commissioned to reflect the patron's wealth, taste, and sophistication. We see a deep connection between material, making, and social context.