Allegory of Union (?) c. 15th century

This small, shield-shaped bronze, made in Italy by Master I.O.F.F. sometime between 1490 and 1528, presents us with an intriguing scene. The figures, seemingly engaged in various activities, are watched over by a seated, authoritative figure. The image creates meaning through its visual codes, cultural references, and historical associations that are a bit obscure to us. Is this a depiction of labour, with the seated figure representing an overseer or perhaps a judge? Or does it depict a guild, with different members performing distinct roles? Note the zodiacal sign above, which might provide clues about the patron, an historical event, or even the artist. Understanding this artwork today requires a deep dive into the socio-political, economic, and cultural forces of 16th century Italy. We might want to consult guild records, legal documents, or even astrological charts to decipher its meaning and purpose. Ultimately, art history reminds us that meaning is not inherent but contingent on a work's original social and institutional context.