Ike Gyokuran created 'Peony and Bamboo' using ink and color on paper in 18th-century Japan. The artwork's material qualities deeply influence its delicate appearance. Sumi ink, made from soot, lends itself to varied tonal ranges, creating depth and shadow. The artist manipulated this fluid material to capture the essence of the plants and the rock with deft brushstrokes. This contrasts with the paper’s absorbent nature, creating subtle bleeds and soft edges. These materials and processes have imbued the artwork with cultural significance rooted in East Asian ink wash painting traditions. The skilled manipulation of ink and brush reflect a deep understanding of traditional aesthetics alongside the artist's own creative interpretations. The controlled yet expressive application of ink demands meticulous planning, while the natural materials connect the artwork to broader social and cultural values. Paying attention to materials and making helps us understand this artwork and challenges traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.