Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc d'Albret et cardinal de Bouillon 1673

Claude Mellan rendered this engraving of Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, a cardinal, using a single, continuous line. Note the cross on his chest, a symbol deeply rooted in Christian iconography, representing sacrifice, redemption, and faith. Its presence here signifies the Cardinal’s devotion and role within the Church, but also echoes across centuries to images of crucifixion and martyrdom. Consider, too, the format of the bust itself, firmly planted on a plinth bearing a coat of arms. This format reaches back to Roman traditions of honoring leaders with sculpted portraits. This particular choice of presentation places the Cardinal in a line of powerful figures memorialized through art. The emotional weight carried by these symbols is immense, engaging viewers on a subconscious level, evoking reverence, authority, and a connection to historical continuity. The cyclical progression of this symbol resurfaces, evolves, and takes on new meanings in different historical contexts, ensuring its potent impact through time.