Giovanni de' Medici delle Bande Nere, 1498-1526, Condottiere [obverse] before 1546

Danese Cattaneo made this bronze portrait medal of Giovanni de' Medici sometime after 1526. The making of bronze medals like this one was a specialized craft, involving the creation of a detailed wax model, which was then used to make a mold. Molten bronze was poured into the mold, and once cooled, the mold was broken away to reveal the finished medal. The resulting object has a satisfying weight and a smooth, lustrous surface. It’s important to remember that bronze casting, while refined, was not an elite art material; it was a trade. The dense, compact nature of the metal gives the portrait a sense of permanence and authority, reflecting the sitter’s status as a condottiere, a military leader. Looking closely, you can see the fine details of Giovanni's features, as well as the texture of his hair and clothing. The bronze also has a tactile quality, inviting you to imagine holding it in your hand. Considering materials, making, and context allows us to appreciate the full significance of this artwork, blurring the lines between art, craft, and social history.