The Studio c. 1895

Édouard Vuillard created this print, called "The Studio", using lithography, a process that democratized image-making in the late 19th century. Lithography involves drawing on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy crayon, then treating the surface so that ink adheres only to the drawn areas. This printmaking technique allowed for relatively quick and easy reproduction, contributing to the rise of mass media and visual culture. The soft, textured quality of the lithographic crayon is evident here, creating a hazy, dreamlike atmosphere. Notice how Vuillard used subtle variations in tone and line to suggest depth and form, blurring the boundaries between figures and their surroundings. The choice of lithography, rather than more traditional printmaking methods like etching or engraving, reflects a shift towards more accessible and modern modes of production. It's a reminder that artistic choices are often intertwined with broader social and technological changes, challenging the conventional hierarchies of art and craft.