Figure 25: Not an expression of pain 1854 - 1856

Figure 25: Not an expression of pain, is a photograph made by French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne. In the 19th century, Duchenne used photography to document and classify human emotions. Here, a man with a furrowed brow and downturned mouth is captured in a clinical, almost detached manner. Duchenne was interested in the science of facial expressions and believed that they could be universally mapped. But what does it mean to dissect and categorize human emotion in this way? This image raises questions about the power dynamics inherent in scientific observation, especially the construction of identity through physiognomy. This approach often reflected and reinforced societal biases and stereotypes. Consider how this photograph captures a moment of supposed neutrality, yet still evokes a sense of unease. How do scientific methods intersect with our personal, lived experiences of emotion?