‘Nightmare’; an old woman carrying figures on her back c. 1819 - 1823

Francisco Goya rendered this drawing, ‘Nightmare’, using ink wash on paper. The choice of this medium, particularly the ink wash, lends itself to the exploration of tonal values and the creation of atmosphere, enhancing the emotional depth of the subject. The monochromatic palette emphasizes the stark realities of the scene: an old woman struggles, burdened by figures on her back. The quick, fluid strokes of the ink wash capture the strain and hardship, highlighting the texture of her worn garments. The layered washes create depth and shadow, intensifying the sense of weight and oppression. Goya masterfully uses the qualities of ink to convey not just visual information but also emotional weight. The deliberate application of the wash suggests a laborious process, mirroring the woman’s arduous task. This piece transcends traditional artistic boundaries by bringing attention to the physical and emotional labor inherent in the human condition, challenging any idealized notions of fine art and placing it firmly within the realm of social commentary.