Portret van Isabella II van Spanje, als kind 1841

Carl Mayer created this portrait of Isabella II of Spain as a child using lithography. This printmaking technique, developed in the late 18th century, allowed for relatively quick and inexpensive reproduction of images, a real departure from older methods of engraving. Lithography involves drawing on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy substance, then applying ink, which adheres only to the drawn areas. The print is then made by pressing paper against the prepared surface. Look closely, and you'll notice the subtle tonal variations and fine lines achieved through this process. The lithographic method democratized image production, which helped to disseminate likenesses of royals like Isabella, contributing to the construction of celebrity. Though seemingly worlds apart, lithography shares an industrial spirit with other mass production techniques. By understanding its means of production, we can see how this portrait reflects the changing social and political landscape of the 19th century.