Vivae Omnium Ferre Imperatorum Imagines... 1557

This engraving of Roman emperors, part of a larger series by Hubert Goltzius, was made in the late 16th century using ink on paper. The printmaking process, specifically engraving, involves meticulous labor. Each line is incised into a metal plate, which is then inked and pressed onto paper. This intaglio process allows for fine detail, which is clearly on display in the emperor's facial features and the surrounding text. The texture of the paper itself adds another dimension, subtly influencing how we perceive the image. Prints like these played a crucial role in disseminating knowledge and shaping perceptions of power. The act of reproduction democratizes the image, making it accessible to a wider audience than a unique painting or sculpture. Consider the labor involved, not only in the artist's work but also in the paper production and the eventual distribution of the print. By attending to its materials and processes, we recognize this print not just as a historical portrait, but also as a product of complex social and economic forces.