The battle at Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9th, 1862 1862

Currier and Ives captured "The Battle at Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9th, 1862" with lithography, a medium that democratized images. Note the prominent flags, symbols of national identity and rallying points amidst the chaos. Flags have ancient roots, serving as focal points in battle, like the Roman standards or medieval banners, embodying power and unity. Here, the American flag's waving underscores themes of patriotism and division. Even more, the fallen bodies evoke a sense of tragic loss. This is a 'pathos formula,' reminiscent of classical depictions of fallen heroes, designed to elicit emotional responses. These motifs tap into our collective memory, engaging viewers on a subconscious level. Consider how these images echo through time, reappearing in various forms to stir profound emotions and cement cultural narratives.