Tête de paysanne, étude 1872

Jean-François Millet made this study of a peasant woman’s head with oil on canvas. Millet chose the traditional medium of painting but focused on those who worked the land. The earth tones reflect Millet’s deep connection to the rural landscape. We can see the painting's material qualities through the brushstrokes that define her face and clothing. The way Millet applied the paint adds texture, giving a sense of the woman's solid presence. This was no doubt intentional. Millet elevates his subject through the careful application of skill, and close observation; the opposite of the slick portraiture usually reserved for the elite. Millet’s painting has a profound social significance: he chose to depict the dignity of labor at a time when industrialization was rapidly changing French society. He engaged with traditions of fine art, such as portraiture, but expanded its circle of concern. It asks us to value the contributions of working people. In doing so, Millet challenges our notions of who deserves to be represented in art.