Saint Peter 

Guido Reni rendered Saint Peter in oil paints sometime around the early 17th century. It's a period when the Catholic Church was keen to reaffirm its spiritual authority in the face of Protestant reform, and images of the apostles were a key part of this. Reni was working in Bologna and Rome, at the heart of this movement. The image creates meaning through its visual codes, and Peter's furrowed brow, upturned gaze, and grizzled features convey a sense of humble piety. He isn't presented as an all-powerful figure, but as a relatable man in communion with God. This kind of imagery was intended to inspire devotion in ordinary people. As historians, we can look to sermons, religious tracts, and the records of institutions like the Vatican to better understand the place of an artwork like this in the culture of its time. Art always exists in a social and institutional context.