Wolkenlucht bij maanlicht c. 1885 - 1898

Here we see a drawing titled "Wolkenlucht bij maanlicht" – or "Cloudscape by Moonlight" - created by George Hendrik Breitner. The initial impression is of a dynamic, almost turbulent sky, rendered with energetic strokes of graphite that capture the fleeting quality of clouds. Breitner's focus is not on precise representation but on the mood, the atmosphere, and the play of light. This sketch can be seen through the lens of formalism by focusing on the expressive potential inherent in the artist’s technique. Look at how the density and direction of the lines vary to suggest volume and movement. The stark contrast between the dark, heavily worked areas and the bare paper creates a sense of depth and luminosity, evoking a feeling of nocturnal drama. Breitner’s use of line and space serves a dual function: representing the physical appearance of the clouds while also conveying a sense of the sublime. It captures the essence of a moment, rather than just its appearance.