Portret van Aegidius Antonius Canisius 1636

This is an engraving made by Cornelis Galle I, depicting Aegidius Antonius Canisius. The print was made by cutting lines into a metal plate, inking it, and then pressing paper against it. Notice how the quality of line defines the image. The varying thickness and density of the lines create shading and texture, giving depth to the portrait and the surrounding ornamental frame. Think about the labor that went into this artwork. The production of prints like these was an essential part of early modern European capitalism, where the division of labor meant that artisans were increasingly specializing in one particular part of the production process. Galle was a master of his craft, and he has brought all his skill to bear in this intimate likeness. The very act of multiplying images democratized them, even when the subject was an important religious figure like this one. Prints like these allowed for wider dissemination of knowledge and ideas, playing a crucial role in shaping public opinion and cultural exchange. Examining the materials and processes used in creating this print reveals its social and cultural importance, and it challenges any strict distinction between fine art and craft.