Simple retarpe robe without back design c. mid 19th century

This retarpe robe of undated origin was made by an anonymous Ainu artist. It’s deceptively simple. The Ainu are an indigenous people from the northern regions of Japan and eastern Russia, and clothing like this robe played an important role in Ainu culture and identity. The retarpe is a traditional coat worn by both men and women for ceremonial occasions, and its designs often carry symbolic meanings. The patterns, like the simple geometric meander on this example, could be believed to offer protection to the wearer. Though this robe has no back design, many were adorned with elaborate patterns, colors, and embellishments reflecting social status. Ainu culture emphasizes respect for nature and spirituality, so these garments represent a fusion of beliefs and artistic expression. As art historians, we must research Ainu traditions, textile production, and belief systems, to reveal the robe’s cultural and historical significance, and understand its place in the community it was made for.