Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle 18th century

This black basalt stoneware portrait medallion of Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle was produced in England by Josiah Wedgwood. Wedgwood was a key figure in the industrial revolution, and his factory system was highly influential both economically and culturally. His portrait medallions were designed to be relatively inexpensive, capitalizing on a growing market for fashionable ornaments among the expanding middle class. Notice the profile view, which evokes the visual language of ancient Roman portraiture. By producing durable, mass-produced objects that referenced the classical world, Wedgwood’s factory played a key role in disseminating Enlightenment ideals. His approach was deeply influenced by the scientific and philosophical thinking of his time. Art historians use primary sources, such as Wedgwood’s correspondence and factory records, to better understand his artistic output. We can explore the impact of economics, politics, and even science on art.