Mary, Queen of Scots 1609 - 1636

This is a small engraving of Mary, Queen of Scots, made by Marten Baes sometime between 1604 and 1652. Executed with fine lines, the oval composition contains a portrait of Mary framed by heraldic symbols. The intricate details of her dress and the surrounding emblems create a densely patterned surface. Note how the sharp lines of the engraving define the textures and shapes, from the delicate lace collar to the heavy folds of her gown. The composition is rigidly symmetrical, a structured arrangement that reflects the formal conventions of royal portraiture. Mary holds a book in one hand and a crucifix in the other, signaling faith and intellect. The presence of an ax and the stone block on which they rest, usually used for executions, destabilize the reading of regal power. Baes uses the formal language of portraiture to explore themes of sovereignty, martyrdom, and the complex interplay between image and power.