Iris xiphium (spansk iris) 1635 - 1664

Hans Simon Holtzbecker made this image of an Iris Xiphium, or Spanish Iris, using watercolor and gouache on vellum. The intense detail achieved, particularly in the bloom, suggests a painstaking process. Holtzbecker likely used fine brushes to apply layer upon layer of pigment. Note the delicate rendering of the veins and the subtle gradations of color. It’s a study in close observation. This wasn't merely an artistic exercise. Botanical illustration was essential to the science of the era. As Europeans explored the globe, the accurate depiction of plants became essential. These images aided in classifying new species and understanding their potential uses. Holtzbecker's choice of vellum as a support, a fine parchment made from animal skin, speaks to the value placed on these images. They needed to be durable and archival, as important documents. So, the next time you see a botanical illustration, remember that it's more than just a pretty picture. It's a testament to the power of observation, the skill of the artist, and the intersection of art and science.