Portret van Ferdinand II 1660

This is Jacob van der Heyden’s portrait of Ferdinand II, rendered in print. This image exists in the context of early modern Europe, a period of religious conflict and emerging nation-states, and what we see here is a carefully crafted projection of imperial authority. Ferdinand's portrayal goes beyond mere physical likeness; the use of Latin phrases around the portrait links his reign to the legacy of Roman emperors, suggesting continuity and divine approval. The columns and crown act as visual cues, reinforcing his status and power. Note that his dress and stern expression, together with the text, underscore his role as a legitimate and divinely appointed ruler. However, in our contemporary moment, we can look at this through a critical lens, questioning the narratives of power and legitimacy that such portraits promoted. What is the human cost of such authority? How do these idealized images obscure the social realities of his reign?