Filistijnen zenden de Ark des Verbonds terug naar Israël en Samuel zalft Saul 1791

This engraving by Jacob Folkema from the 18th century depicts two scenes from the First Book of Samuel using etching. On top, the Philistines return the Ark of the Covenant to Israel, while below, Samuel anoints Saul as the first king. The decision to depict these two moments together speaks volumes about the religious and political climate of the Dutch Republic at the time. Biblical scenes were often used to comment on contemporary social structures. Here, the selection of these two events—the return of a sacred object and the establishment of a monarchy—suggests a reflection on themes of national identity, divine favor, and leadership. Folkema’s choice of subject matter, combined with his technical skill, makes this print a fascinating historical document. It invites us to consider the public role of art and how it engages with the social and institutional contexts of its time. Art historians would consult contemporary sermons, political pamphlets, and other visual representations to understand the full scope of its meaning.