Forum Romanum 1867 - 1948

Editor: We're looking at "Forum Romanum," an etching by Etha Fles, created sometime between 1867 and 1948. It has this incredibly somber feeling to it. The sky is heavy, and the etched lines create a textured surface that seems almost gritty. What strikes you about this piece? Curator: The compositional elements are quite compelling. Note the tonal range, primarily grayscale, that creates atmospheric perspective and directs the eye. The texture arises from the etching technique, specifically, the layering and varying depth of the etched lines. Are you picking up on how the horizontal lines across the top play against the verticality suggested by the buildings below? Editor: I do now! It’s like a contrast between the enduring architecture and the transience of the sky. But, what's the effect? Curator: It establishes a visual dynamism that is intriguing. The relationship between line, tone, and texture converge to create that sombre mood. We should observe that there are strong horizontals but also there are clear implied verticals. How would the composition change, in your opinion, if one dominates over the other? Editor: I see, it could make the piece feel much more static or unbalanced without the dialogue of vertical and horizontal. Thank you! Curator: Consider how semiotics allows us to decipher layers within, where forms, materials and techniques convey meaning about enduring forms, in visual terms.