Exemplar Virtutum, from the "Allegorical Scenes from the Life of Christ" 1570 - 1617

Hendrick Goltzius created this engraving, "Exemplar Virtutum," which translates to "Example of Virtues," in the late 16th century. Made in the Netherlands, this image reflects the cultural and religious context of the time with Christian iconography, such as Jesus Christ, a lamb, and references to the Bible. The central scene depicts a woman painting a self-portrait, guided by Christ. Encircling this scene are vignettes representing virtues like mercy, humility, piety, and charity. These virtues were highly valued in the social and religious climate of the time, emphasizing moral and ethical behavior. Institutions like the church and the family played a vital role in promoting these virtues as guiding principles for individuals. As art historians, we examine how these values were visually communicated and how they shaped the social fabric of the time. To better understand such images, scholars delve into period literature, religious texts, and cultural histories, revealing the complex interplay between art, society, and belief.