['Christ and Judas (Maier and Zwink)', 'Barrabas (Joh. Oswald)'] before 1890

These are photographs by Carl Stockmann from an unknown date of passion plays which were popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. Passion plays are dramatic performances depicting the suffering and death of Jesus Christ, a theme that carries heavy social and political weight. The images reflect a very specific time and place, likely Bavaria, where passion plays were communal events, reinforcing religious beliefs and social cohesion. The visual codes here include the dramatic costumes and staged settings, which create meaning through cultural references and historical associations to Biblical stories. Understanding these images requires knowledge of religious history, the cultural practices of early 20th century Bavaria, and the social role of religious drama. Historians might consult local archives, religious texts, and theater records to provide a fuller interpretation. Ultimately, the photographs highlight how art is deeply embedded in its social and institutional context.