The Heaven of the Fixed Stars 

Gustave Dore's "The Heaven of the Fixed Stars" is a masterclass in wood engraving, a medium ideally suited to his dramatic sensibility. This print exemplifies the possibilities of the technique, which involves meticulously carving an image into a block of wood – traditionally boxwood, chosen for its density – and then inking and printing it. The stark contrast between black and white, achieved through precise cuts, creates a heightened sense of drama, reflecting the spiritual intensity of Dante's vision. The process of wood engraving, while demanding, also allowed for mass production, aligning with the burgeoning print culture of the 19th century. Dore's illustrations, including this one, were widely circulated, bringing high art themes to a broad audience. This speaks to a democratization of culture, even as the labor-intensive process behind each print underscores the social realities of production. Appreciating the craft involved invites us to consider the value, and values, embedded within.