Christoffel van Sichem the Younger made this small woodcut, "Debate with the Sadducees and Pharisees," sometime in the first half of the 17th century. The image is made up of hundreds of tiny lines precisely carved into the surface of a wood block. Think of the skill required for this; the artist would have used a sharp tool to cut away the negative space, leaving only the lines that would hold the ink. It’s a testament to the engraver’s dexterity and precision. Woodcuts like this were relatively cheap to produce, allowing for widespread distribution of images and ideas, and they played a vital role in spreading information during the Reformation. In this particular woodcut, we see a scene of religious debate, rendered in miniature. Each figure is delineated with a network of fine lines, and every line is a deliberate mark, carefully placed to create texture, shadow, and form. The medium of printmaking democratized art-making, challenging traditional notions of fine art and the artist's hand.