This white-haired woman became Chimène again for one hour 1886

This lithograph was made by Émile Bayard, using a method that democratized image-making in the 19th century. Lithography allowed for relatively quick and inexpensive reproduction of images, making art and illustration accessible to a wider audience. The process involves drawing on a flat stone with a greasy crayon, then treating the stone so that ink adheres only to the drawn areas. The print is created by pressing paper against the inked stone. Here, the velvety blacks and subtle gradations of tone capture the intimate scene of a woman reciting, perhaps acting, for an enraptured audience. The quality of the line is notable, made possible by the artist's hand and the nature of the lithographic process. Lithography's significance lies in its role in mass media and visual culture, influencing the development of advertising, journalism, and popular entertainment. Considering its context and material process allows us to appreciate the broader impact of this artwork.