Fort Saint-André in Villeneuve-les-Avignon 

Hermann Lismann made this drawing of Fort Saint-André in Villeneuve-les-Avignon with ink and graphite. The artist's choice of monochrome—the contrast of black and grey—creates a dramatic and dynamic scene. The rough texture of the drawing is a direct result of Lismann’s rapid application of the ink and graphite. Observe the bold strokes defining the form of the fortress, the hatched lines suggesting its monumental scale and weight. This drawing captures the very essence of the labor and time involved in the architecture, connecting the artist’s work with that of the fort's builders. The marks communicate the energy that it took to produce this artwork, highlighting the physical and intellectual labor involved in its creation. So by considering the materials and the making, we gain a deeper appreciation of this drawing, which transcends traditional boundaries, uniting art, craft, and social commentary.