Plate 8: cow, from 'Various animals' (Diversi animali) 1636 - 1646

Stefano della Bella created this etching of a cow, plate 8 from 'Various animals', in Italy sometime in the mid-17th century. The image presents a relatively naturalistic depiction of rural life, but it also demonstrates the influence of powerful institutions on art. The inclusion of 'Cum privilegio' indicates that this print was produced with the approval of governing authorities, who collected revenue through licensing. The inscription 'Mariette excudit' refers to the publisher, suggesting Della Bella likely worked within a commercial system, catering to the tastes of collectors. The print reflects the growing interest in naturalism during the Baroque period. But it is important to remember that even seemingly objective depictions of nature are shaped by cultural and economic forces. Historians can use documents like guild records, licensing agreements, and publishers' catalogs to understand the conditions under which prints like this were made, distributed, and consumed. Studying these factors can reveal the complex relationship between art, commerce, and power in the 17th century.