Etude; tête de petite fille 1888

William Bouguereau made this oil on canvas head study in 1888. It exemplifies the academic style he taught at the established and influential Académie Julian in Paris. Note how the artist has used the study as a chance to explore a limited tonal range. Bouguereau's soft brushstrokes and delicate modelling give the girl a porcelain-like appearance. The idealization of childhood was a common theme in 19th-century French art, often reflecting sentimental notions of innocence and purity. We can consider how gendered social expectations are at play here. The rosy cheeks and blonde curls were considered hallmarks of feminine beauty. Bouguereau reinforces the social status quo through his art. He presents an image of idealized beauty which suggests the limited roles available to women. To further understand Bouguereau's artistic choices, we might consult exhibition reviews, academic papers, and historical studies of French society and art education. These resources allow us to view the artist's work as one that reflected prevailing social and institutional values.