East Frisian Peasants Eating Supper 1893

Max Liebermann rendered this drawing of East Frisian Peasants with charcoal, a humble material, and a sympathetic eye. Charcoal lends itself to loose, expressive mark-making, and Liebermann uses this to full effect. See how the strokes build up to create a sense of depth and shadow. This captures not just the physical appearance of the scene, but also its atmosphere - the warmth of the interior, the quiet concentration of the family at their meal. Charcoal is literally burnt wood. It is the residue of consumption that is readily available and affordable, perfectly suited to Liebermann’s subject matter. This is not a grand history painting, but an intimate glimpse into the daily life of working-class people. By choosing charcoal, Liebermann elevates the everyday and brings dignity to the act of labor. Considering the material and its application, we can begin to challenge the traditional boundaries between fine art and craft, recognizing the value and skill in both.