Plate 147 Night Hawk 

John James Audubon created this watercolor and graphite engraving of the Night Hawk at some point between 1827 and 1838. It reflects a cultural moment of heightened interest in natural history, particularly in the United States. As the nation expanded westward, artists and scientists sought to document and classify the unique flora and fauna of the American continent. Audubon’s ambitious project, *The Birds of America*, embodies this spirit of scientific exploration and national pride. But it also reflects the social and economic forces that shaped artistic production in the 19th century. Audubon relied on a network of patrons and subscribers to fund his work, and his images were often tailored to appeal to their tastes and sensibilities. The image creates meaning through its meticulous attention to detail and its dramatic composition, with the birds depicted in dynamic poses against a backdrop of lush foliage. Understanding it requires considering the social, economic, and institutional contexts in which it was created. Researching patronage networks and scientific publications of the period can shed light on the cultural significance of Audubon’s work.