Joseph (from a nativity) 18th century

This sculpture of Joseph, part of a nativity scene, was likely made in Ecuador by the artist Caspicara. It is carved in wood, with gesso applied to create a smooth surface for paint and gilding. The patterned fabric is achieved with the technique of estofado, where the gold leaf is selectively revealed through layers of paint. The sculpture bears witness to the fusion of European artistic conventions with local traditions and materials. The labor-intensive process of carving and estofado reflects a deeply skilled tradition, yet also speaks to the social context of colonial workshops where indigenous artisans often produced devotional art for the Church. The intense detailing in the patterning, from the delicate halo to the intricate robe, invites us to consider the cultural exchange and artistic synthesis characteristic of Latin American art. By focusing on materials, making, and context, we gain insight into the rich layers of meaning embedded within this work.