Ultima Cena 1618

Giulio Cesare Procaccini painted this ‘Ultima Cena’ using oil paint on canvas, a familiar pairing for artists of his era. However, let’s consider the materiality of this painting. The rough weave of the canvas, no doubt prepared by an artisan, provides a robust ground for the composition. Oil paint, made from pigment suspended in oil, allows for the rich colors and subtle gradations of light and shadow that bring this scene to life. Procaccini’s application of the paint, built up in layers over time, speaks to the labor involved in its production. While not overtly political, paintings like these are reminders of the economic systems at play, where artists relied on the patronage of wealthy clients. The precious pigments and painstaking process reflect not only artistic skill, but also the social context in which the painting was made. By attending to the materials and making of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of its cultural significance, moving beyond conventional distinctions between art and craft.