Constantinople_ Interior of the Hagia Sophia 1869

This photograph of the interior of the Hagia Sophia was taken in Constantinople by the Abdullah Frères in the late 19th century. It captures the architectural grandeur of the space, emphasizing the calligraphic roundels. The image creates meaning through its depiction of a space that has transitioned through different cultural and religious contexts, from its origins in the 6th century as a Greek Orthodox basilica, to its conversion into an Ottoman mosque in the 15th century, and now as a museum. The massive calligraphic roundels commemorate the religious identity of the space. As we think about the photograph, we should remember that in the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was attempting to modernize, which included increased European engagement. Photography played an important role in documenting and disseminating images of Ottoman culture to Western audiences. We can research the history of photography in the Ottoman Empire and examine travelogues, architectural surveys, and diplomatic records to deepen our understanding. Ultimately, this photograph serves as a reminder of the complex relationship between art, power, and cultural exchange.