Dirigent met daarachter violen en rokende schoorstenen 1895

This lithograph, "Dirigent met daarachter violen en rokende schoorstenen," or "Conductor with violins and smoking chimneys in the background" was made by Jan Toorop, who lived between 1858 and 1928. Toorop made the work using lithography, a printmaking process that involves drawing on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy substance. The stone is then treated so that ink adheres only to the drawn areas, allowing the image to be printed. The heavy blacks and intricate lines are achieved through careful manipulation of the medium. Look closely, and you will see the artist's emphasis on industrialization, as suggested by the smoking chimneys behind the violins, revealing a complex commentary on the relationship between culture, labor, and the march of progress. The image suggests a society where music and industry are intertwined, reflecting the changing landscape of the early 20th century. By considering the materials, processes, and social context of this lithograph, we can appreciate how Toorop blurred the lines between fine art and craft.