Etude de poing gauche fermé 

This sketch of a clenched fist was made by Narcisse-Virgilio Diaz, using graphite on paper. Graphite, since the late 18th century, had been produced as pencils, and was becoming a widely available drawing medium. The artist has built up the form with rapid strokes of the pencil, varying the pressure to create areas of shadow and light. The paper itself also plays a role, its texture and tone influencing the overall effect. This directness emphasizes the hand of the artist, while still allowing the study to act as a preparatory sketch. Diaz was working at a time when the art world was opening up. Industrialization meant art materials were more affordable, and artistic training became more accessible. Studies such as this one were vital, and became a way for artists to develop their skills. By focusing on the materials and processes, we gain insight into the social and cultural context of the artwork, and a deeper appreciation of the artist's skill and vision.