Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae: Small Portraits of the French Kings from Pharamond to Henri III 1586

This anonymous print, "Small Portraits of the French Kings," is one example from a series called "Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae," or "The Mirror of Roman Magnificence". The series was produced in Rome and sold to tourists visiting the city. This particular print shows a long lineage of French rulers up to Henri III. Each king is rendered in a small, uniform portrait, emphasizing their status and power. The print visualizes the concept of hereditary rule, a cornerstone of European monarchies. The image is a fascinating artifact of its time, reflecting an interest in history, genealogy, and the display of power. We might ask, what was the relationship between France and Rome at this time? How did the artist view the French monarchy? To answer these questions, the art historian might turn to primary source documents such as letters, diaries, and official records. These kinds of sources are essential to understanding this print as a cultural and historical object.