Festival in Piazza Navona 1729

Giovanni Paolo Panini created this oil on canvas painting, 'Festival in Piazza Navona', sometime in the 18th century. It depicts a temporary structure set up in a Roman public square. The image creates meaning through its depiction of social life during the time of its making. The architecture and clothing denote a very specific time and place, just as the leisure activities and the presence of the crowd tell us something about social and cultural values. Piazza Navona was, and remains, an important public space in Rome. Temporary structures like the one depicted here were frequently erected to mark important occasions, either religious or secular. The carnival was particularly important. It was an opportunity to celebrate and blow off steam before the beginning of Lent. Art historical research into the relevant cultural institutions and social practices helps us to understand this painting, which can tell us much about the habits and values of 18th century Romans. Only through historical contextualization can we truly appreciate the richness of its meanings.