Bird and Flower c. 18th century

Zhang Yu made this ink on paper painting, Bird and Flower, during the Qing Dynasty in China. The image contains a hanging scroll depicting a bird perched on a flowering branch that emerges from behind a rock. This work is part of a long tradition of bird-and-flower painting in China that was closely tied to the imperial court. During the Qing Dynasty, bird-and-flower painting became increasingly naturalistic, reflecting the values of the ruling class and the rigid hierarchy of the court. While this scroll is undated, Zhang Yu was known for his work painting for members of the court. The image of the bird perched on the branch suggests a peaceful harmony with nature. In Chinese culture, birds are often seen as symbols of good fortune and prosperity. Meanwhile, flowers can represent beauty, refinement, and the changing of the seasons. Understanding art requires understanding its time. In this case, we can use historical texts, biographies, and court documents to explore the social and institutional context in which Zhang Yu’s painting was made.