Margaretha van Parma door Alva uitgeleid, 1568 c. 1568 - 1572

In 1568, Frans Hogenberg created this engraving, depicting Margaretha van Parma being escorted out of a city by Alva. This image speaks to the turbulent politics of the Netherlands under Spanish rule. Hogenberg's print offers insight into the power dynamics of the time. Notice how the artist uses the visual language of processions, usually reserved for triumphant entries, to depict a departure, heavy with the implication of forced exile. Created during the early stages of the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule, the print serves as a form of political commentary. Margaret of Parma had been Philip II's regent, attempting to govern the restive Dutch provinces, while the Duke of Alva was sent to impose stricter control. The image shows the moment when one form of foreign rule was replaced with an even more oppressive one. The Rijksmuseum's archives, along with other historical documents, can help us understand the rich, yet conflicted, history of the Netherlands and the role of images such as this in shaping public opinion.