Untitled (Listeners) 

William Gropper, a politically engaged artist, created this lithograph print, “Listeners,” using a stone or metal plate. Lithography, as a printmaking technique, allowed Gropper to make multiple original impressions of his work. The soft, grainy texture of the image comes from the greasy crayon or tusche wash applied to the plate. The artist would have drawn directly onto the surface, exploiting the natural aversion of grease and water. By selectively applying ink to the greasy areas and then pressing paper against the plate, the image was transferred. The final result is a compelling depiction of absorbed attention. This method of printmaking democratized art production, making it more accessible, while Gropper’s focus on the working class elevated everyday subjects to the realm of fine art, blurring the lines between the two. The work involved in creating this lithograph reflects Gropper’s commitment to both artistic skill and social commentary.